T O D T A P I a n j- /i .o jwjd a
./Í Weekly Newspaper and Review.
DÜM VO B IS G R A T D L AM U R , AN IM O S RTIAM ADD IM U S O T IN IN CŒ P T IS V E S T R IS CON STAN TRR M A N E A T IS .
From thé Brief oj His Holiness Pius IX . to T h e T a b l e t , June 4 1870.
Vö l . 89. No. 2958.
L o n d o n , J a n u a r y 16, 1897.
P rice sd. by Post 5#d
(R e g i s t e r e d a t t h e G e n e r a l P o s t O f f i c e as a N ewspaper
C h ronicle of t h e W e e k !
Paçe
'The Great Treaty— The Final Court— The President’s Recommendation— Mr. Balfour at Manc h e s t e r : No Rate-Aid — T h e Financial Relations Question— Sir Francis Fleming’s Appeal for Montserrat — The School Board Rate— A Massacre in West Africa — A City o f Blood — Electric Omnibuses for T.ondon — r\ he Channel Tunnel Scheme—Another Wreck off Ushant— Cholera on_a Troopship— The Famine in India — Spain and Her Colonies— The Cltveland Election.. L e a d e r s .
“ The Greatest Event of the
Century ” ....................................
81
85
CONTENTS.
L e a d e r s (Continued) :
The “ State Children’s Aid Asso
ciation" . . . .
Can We Restore St. Gregory's
Page
..86
Mass-Book? . . . . ..86 The Origin o f M an .. . . . . 88 “ The^Church Tim es” on Con
tinuity . .
N o t e s ......................................................... 9 1 R e v i e w s !
90
The Story of My Life . . . . 93 The Life of St. Margaret Queen
of Scotland ............................. 94 Margaret O g i l v y ............................. 94 “ The Month ” 95 The Ban of Gubbe . . . . 95 Books o f the W e e k ............................95 C orrespon d e n c e .
Rome (From Our Own Corre
spondent) .........................................97
C orrespondence (Continued) :
News From Ireland M — 99 News From France . . . . 100 L e t t e r s t o t h e E d it o r :
* “ b1-
Evolution and Dogma . . . . 102 Diana Vaughan ........................... 102 Church or Chapel ? _ . . . 102 Work Among Catholic Seamen . . 102 An Overlooked Solution o f the
Education Problem . . . . 102 Cardinal Vaughan and the Bishop
o f Chester on the Education Question . . . . ......................... T03 Death of the Bishop o f Shrewsbury 104 Banquet to Mr. Laurier in Montreal 104 Glasgow Gifford Lectures . . . . 106 O b i t u a r y ...........................................108 S o c ia l a n d P o l i t i c a l . . . . 1 0 8
SU P P L EM E N T . N ew s from t h e S c h o o l s :
Page
Village Schools . . . . . . 113 A Comparison . . . . . . 113 The Teaching o f Patriotism . . 113 Delay in Payment of School
G r a n t s .........................................113 St. Clare's Convent, Pantasaph,
Holywell . . .. . . ..114 Tamworth and R a te -A id .. . . 114 St. Edmund’s College and the
Cambridge Higher Local Examination . . . . . . . . 114 N ew s from t h e D io c e se s : Westminster . . . . ... 114
Birmingham.. ............................ 114 Clifton ....................................... X14 Northampton ............................115 Glasgow .................................... 115
* • Rejected MS. cannot be returned unless accompanied with address
and postape.
CHRONICLE OF THE WEEK.
--------- ♦ ---------
THE D a ily Chronicle on Tuesday was
able to publish the text of the Treaty o f Arbitration which has been signed by Mr. Olney and the British Ambassador, and now awaits the ratification of the Senate on the one hand, and Parliament on the other. Our contemporary describes the signing of this Treaty as “ the greatest event of the century ” ; and certainly we should not quarrel with the phrase if it were applied not to this preliminary agreement but to its final ratification. We pointed out elsewhere that what has taken place in Washington means everything, as far as our Government is
oncerned, but far less in America, where Cabinet Ministers are not responsible to Congress. However, even the preliminary agreement is a long stride in the right direction and will be warmly welcomed by all men of right feeling on both sides of the world. The Treaty covers every form of dispute, and so is universal. It extends to all questions which fail to adjust themselves by diplomatic negotiations. The Treaty is for five years certain, and for one year after either party has given notice of a wish to end it. Its machinery consists of three courts. The first court deals with two classes of claim s: those involving pecuniary claims under £ 10 0 ,0 00 , and those involving claims over that amount, and all disputes not relating to questions of territory. This first court is composed of two arbitrators, and an umpire to be chosen by the arbitrators. I f these cannot agree as to an umpire, who is to be the President of the Court, he is to be chosen jointly by the Supreme Court of the United States and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In the unlikely event of these august bodies being unable to agree, the choice will be left to the King of Sweden or some other person agreed upon. The decisions of this First Court are final in the case of pecuniary claims under ^100,000. In the case o f other claims, the decision is final only if the Court is unanimous— otherwise appeal lies to the Second Court. This consists of four arbitrators and an umpire. Each side selects two arbitrators, while the umpire is choseD in the same way as in the First Court. The jurisdiction of this Court is appellate and concerns pecuniary claims over £ 10 0 ,0 00 and disputes
N e w S e r i e s . Voi.. T.VIL. No. 2,267.
other than territorial. The decisions of this Court are final, and a majority is to decide. There is one ground, however, on which, on the instance of one of the parties, either the First or Second Court may transfer the case to the Third Court; that ground is that the determination of the claim “ necessarily involves the decision of a disputed question of principle of grave general importance affecting the national rights of such party as distinguished from private rights, whereof it is merely an international representative.”
The Third or Final Court consists of six
—the final arbitrators. Three must be Judges of the
c o u r t . Supreme Court of the United States, or
Justices of Circuit Courts, to be nominated by the President. The other three must be Judges of our Supreme Court, or members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, nominated by the Queen. [If the dispute involves a partícula- State or a British Colony, one State Judge or one Colonial Judge (as the case may be) may be substituted.] The original jurisdiction of the Third Court is over aU territorial claims ; its appellate jurisdiction is over matters sent up from the inferior Courts on the ground that they affect national as opposed to private rights. The decisions of the Third Court are final if unanimous or by a majority of five to one. I f by a smaller majority, they are final only if neither party denounces them within three months. In the event of such denunciation the award has no validity; but the Powers pledge themselves to resort to mediation : “ There shall be no recourse to hostile measures of any description until the mediation of one or more friendly Powers has been invited by one or both of the high contracting parties.” Decisions are to be made with as little delay as may be : “ I f possible within three months from the close o f the arguments.” In the case of the death of any arbitrator, the vacancy shall be filled in the same way as the original appointment. The Arbitral tribunal finally disposing of any dispute shall direct what costs, if any, of the successful party shall be defrayed by the unsuccessful.
Mr. Cleveland, in his letter trans-
—THB , mitting to the Senate the treaty, which r e c o m m e n d a t i o n . declared to represent the concessions
of each party for the sake of agreement
to a general scheme, said that, though the result reached might not meet the views of the advocates of immediate, unlimited, and irrevocable arbitration for international con troversies, nevertheless he confidently believed that the treaty could not fail to b e recognized everywhere as b e iD g
