Index

game trees 80-1

philosophy 17, 138

Genghis 147-9

Physical Symbol Systems

Hypothesis (PSSH) 43,

graceful degradation 108

aboutness 64

44, 51, 53,88

activation units 104-5

Pitts, Walter 38, 102

Harnard, Steven 122-5

agents 4-5

Heidegger, Martin 139-41 poverty of the stimulus 33

collections of 149

program, right 44, 57, 58

Hermeneutics 20

Alien-Al 8

psychology 14-16

heuristics 84

axons 101, 104

Hobbes, Thomas 88

quantum gravity 62-3

Behaviourism 14

imitation game 45, 50

behaviours 146, 148

robotics 34, 145-7, 157, 170

immortality 11

blocks world 77, 94

behaviour-based 145

intelligence 24-5

bottom-up design 144

intelligent action, theory of 44 robots

brain

autonomous 26, 27

computer metaphor 19, 41 intentionality 64-5

as computing device 38

Brain Prosthesis 59

brittleness 90

cognitive 93

Kasparov, Garry 83, 85, 86 universal 163-5, 170

knowledge 87-92

robustness 108, 130, 160

Brooks, R. 126, 134, 142-7

language 32-3, 34, 152 Samuel, Arthur 78-9

caenorhabditis elegans 71-2 Leibniz, G.W. 89, 91

checkers programs 78-9, 113 Lenat, Doug 9, 90-2

chess computers 83-7

Chinese Gym 120-1

Loebner prize 48

logic , as thought 88-9

Chomsky, Noam 32-3, 34, 47 logic gates 38

Clever Hans 30-1

scalability 130

Searle, John 51-4 , 57, 58

Searle's Chinese Room

51-3 , 119

self-organization 55, 121,

154-5

cognition 32, 34, 66, 70, 102, McCulloch, Warren 38, 102 sense-model-plan-act 95,

172

132,137,145

machine learning 11 0

mechanized 171

sense-think-act 67

machine translation 74

cognitive modelling 69, 173 machinery, right 57, 58

Shakey 67-8, 77, 93-9, 132

cognitive psychology 15, 16 Maturana, Humberto A.

cognitive science 16, 66

cognitivism 35, 40, 66

complex behaviour 28

computation 35, 36, 40

135-7

Simon, H. 15,22,23,43

situatedness 143

micro-worlds 76--7, 129, Sony Dream Robot 159-62

143,173

Steels, Luc 147-55, 162

mimicry of life 26-7

Strong Al 5, 9-11, 166

computer metaphor 19, 41 mind-body problem 18-19, superhuman intelligence 12 connectionism 100, 110, 118 22 symbol grounding 122-5 consciousness 64 mind-children 166 symbolic representations 114 cybernetics 26 Minsky, Marvin 6, 169 CYC project 90-2, 131 Moravec, Hans 59, 157, Talking Heads 150-5, 162 Descartes, Rene 18 163-6, 170 tic-tac-toe 80-83 Dreyfus, Hubert 139-40 Muller-Lyer illusion 75 Transhumanists 11 dualism 58 Turing, Alan 36--7, 45, 78, 118

neural computation 102 Turing machine 36-7, 39, 40

Elsie 28-9, 31, 68, 93,143 neural networks 103-5

embodiment 142

emergence 55-6, 121

learning in 111-13

new Al 128, 142, 171-2

environment 32-4, 127-9 Newell, Allen 22, 43

evaluation functions 84

non-cognitive behaviour

Turing test 46, 48,50

understanding, emerging 56

universal computation 39

unorganized machines 118

evolution 133-4, 166-9, 172 136-7 Extropians 9 non-computable operations Varela, Francisco J. 135-7

61-2

von Osten, Wilhelm 30-1

finite control 37 Fodor, Jerry 75, 126

ontology 20, 153

formalism 139

functionalism 42, 57

parallelism 107

future predictions 156-73 Penrose, Roger 60-3

Walter, W.G. 26-9, 31, 68

Weak Al 7

Wittgenstein, L. 116, 138-40