CONTENTS

OCTOBER 2019

FEATURES

20 Fat cats of the crusades Dan Jones introduces the men who returned from holy war with their pockets full as well as their souls saved

26 Hitler’s elite backers Stephan Malinowski describes how Germany’s most powerful figures facilitated the rise of the Third Reich

34 The meeting of minds Tilly Blyth reveals how artists and scientists have drawn inspiration from one another over the past 250 years

40 Elizabeth I’s French ally Estelle Paranque explores the unlikely friendship between the Tudor queen and the Catholic king Henri III

46 Christ’s communists Tom Holland tells the story of a radical religious sect that challenged the Holy Roman Empire in the 15th century

54 Catherine the Great Janet Hartley defends the Russian empress against the charge that she was a sex-mad tyrant

54 Does Catherine the Great deserve her battered reputation?

76 Max Hastings on the terrible odds that faced the Dambusters

/ A L A M Y

/ G E T T Y

I M E

D R E A M S T

61 Study History, 2019 Read our guide to studying history at universit y, from spending a year

abroad to how your degree

can aid your career

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20 Why going on crusade could be a lucrative business