JANUARY 2019

CONTENTS

Features

Every month

Did the framers of the Treaty of Versailles let the world down? Turn to page 31

20 Icons of the 20th century Piers Brendon argues that remarkable individuals, as well as grand impersonal forces, shaped the modern world

27 The rebel they couldn’t gag Mike Braddick chronicles John Lilburne’s extraordinary campaign for freedom of speech in 17th-century England

31 The Treaty of Versailles David Reynolds weighs up the argument that the peace imposed on Germany paved the way for the Second World War 40 Mary, Queen of Scots Who betrayed the tragic Scottish queen? Kate Williams places seven potential culprits – including Elizabeth I – in the dock

47 Beasts of battle Eric Lacey reveals why Anglo-Saxon warriors dreaded the arrival of ravens, wolves and eagles on the battle eld

50 How the navy saved Britain Nazi plans to invade Britain were sunk in the icy waters of Scandinavia in spring 1940, argues Nick Hewitt

60 Anne’s feuding favourites Hannah Greig tells the story of the women who wielded unprecedented political power in Queen Anne’s court

6 ANNIVERSARIES 11 HISTORY NOW 1 1 The latest history news

1 4 Backgrounder: Viktor Orbán 16 Past notes: new year’s resolutions

17 MICHAEL WOOD’S VIEW 18 LETTERS 67 BOOKS Thelatestreleasesreviewed,plus PaulMorlanddiscusseshisnewbook ontheimpactofpopulationchange

79 TV & RADIO The pick of new history programmes

82 OUT &ABOUT 82 History Explorer: Roman Scotland

87 Five things to do in January 88 My favourite place: Chiang Mai

95 MISCELLANY 95 Q&A and quiz 96 Samantha’s recipe corner 97 Prize crossword

98 MY HISTORY HERO RobertLindsaypraisesRichardIII

EVENTS 58 The line-up for our Kings & Queens Weekend

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BBC HISTORY (ISSN 1469-8552)

(USPS 024-177) January 2019 is published 13 times a year under licence from BBC Studios by Immediate Media Company Bristol Ltd, Tower House, Fairfax Street, Bristol BS1 3BN, UK. Distributed in the US by Circulation Specialists, Inc., 2 Corporate Drive, Suite 945, Shelton CT 06484-6238. Periodicals postage paid at Shelton, CT and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to BBC HISTORY MAGAZINE, PO Box 37495, Boone, IA 50037-0495.

27 A ghter for free speech who fell foul of Cromwell and Charles I

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82 Discover the nal frontiers of the Roman empire in Britain

60 How Stuart women dominated the politics of their era

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