r HE T ABLET, January 10th, 1963.

THE TABLET A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER AND REVIEW

PRO ECCLESIA DEI, PRO REGINA ET PATRIA

VOL. 201, No. 5877

LONDON, JANUARY 10th, 1953

NINEPENCE

FO U N D ED IN 1 8 4 0

PU B L ISH ED AS A N EW SPA PER

THE EXALTATION OF THE CHURCH The Creation o f Cardinals as a Proclamation of Her Presence

CATHOLICS IN PAKISTAN An Uncertain Future. By D . C. McNeelance MARSHAL TITO AND THE HOLY SEE HI. An Accusation Revived by the “ New Statesman” THE CAVIAR TEST SPAIN IN 1952 By K. M . Smogorzewski A Balance-Sheet of the Year

THE COPENHAGEN SCENE Impressions o f Danish Intellectual L ife: n . By Derek Patmore

EDGAR ALLISON PEERS A Tribute. By Robert Sencourt

THE AFRICAN FUTURE T O those who had forgotten it, Mr. Stanley Evans, M.P., ju stly pointed out on Monday th a t it was the L abour Government which initiated the discussions on Central African Federation, w ithout consulting the Africans. But these issues should not be regarded as political questions a t all, to be treated on a party basis, for the strongest argum ent for solving the African problem is no t political a t all but economic. Mr. Evans said :

“ Professional hum anitarians in the United K ingdom persist in trying to put the cart o f political democracy before the horse o f better living standards, but political democracy is a by-product o f abundance, and what Central Africa needs is a vast increase in the efficiency and p ro ductivity o f native agriculture.” This goes for the three East African territories as well. The “ Capricorn Declarations,” printed recently in these pages, used sim ilar language when they referred to the two complementary responsibilities which the peoples o f Europe have in Africa :

Central Africa from killing famines within a generation.” And it is to prevent this certain prospect th a t an integrated economy between the Nile and the L impopo is needed. The paper then goes on to say that w ithout an immense capital investment, and the consequent development o f Africa’s resources, the mounting disequilibrium between land and people will destroy all hope o f better living standards for the masses. To hold out promises o f an increased political influence as a solution to people with little political maturity is to invite a quickened decline o f the African land and the general economy. Nationalist movements, and, indeed, the Mau M au, have been so successful in their appeal and agitation, because the policies o f the reserves o r o f political concessions gave no thought to social and economic opportunities for the Africans. Such opportunities can be created in the planned wider economic unity, which would give Africans and Europeans their parts to play and which ought to be seen as the basis for organic development towards African self-government, but no t as its fruit. Mr. Attlee in Asia

“ They have a responsibility to mankind to develop th a t continent jo in tly with the Africans, so th a t it shall contribute from its great resources to the wealth o f the world. They have an equal obligation to give to the African both incentive and opportunity to achieve higher standards o f life, and so make possible a tru e partnership between the races.” Here is an answer to the whole range o f problems born of cultural differences which an extreme policy o f “ Africa for the Africans” o r a policy o f perm anent white dom ination are alike powerless to solve. The eventual realization o f Capricorn Africa will largely depend on the success o f the Central A frican Federation, and, indeed, on realistic appraisal o f the whole African situation, which gives economic and educational developments their long-neglected priority. This will mean in practice th a t the balance o f political power must remain in European hands.

“ Only European rule and leadership,” writes the Kenya Weekly News o f January 2nd, “ European capital and enterprise, science and technical skill can preserve East and

Africa’s need o f capital is fundamental and increasing ; and here Africa is in competition with all the o ther underdeveloped countries. The recognition o f this has no t been very marked in the proceedings o f the Asian Socialist Conference in Rangoon ; and there was something fatuous in Mr. A ttlee’s u tterances on arriving in Asia, claim ing Socialism as the path to Asiatic prosperity, with apparently no sort o f recognition o f the tru th th a t Socialist parties waiting to nationalize whatever becomes valuable, even before it has had tim e to grow, are a most form idable deterrent to capital tim idly wondering where to p lan t itself. A Time for Decision

Korea will have been in the foreground o f the inform al talks between the Prime Minister and General Eisenhower, whose Korean visit has made him even better aware o f the risks involved in an enlargem ent o f th a t war.

An editorial o f the current Twentieth Century discusses these risks in view o f the blatant fact th a t “ the Chinese do not care what happens to N o rth K orea so long as it does no t