NOVEMBER 2016

CONTENTS

Features

Every month

6 ANNIVERSARIES 11 HISTORY NOW 1 1 The latest history news

1 4 Historians debate the political e ects of high youth unemployment

Discover why Winston Churchill shifted his stance on nuclear weapons, on page 22

22 Winston Churchill: atomic warrior, nuclear peacemaker Kevin Ruane explores Churchill’s changing attitudes to nuclear weapons

26 1066: eight days that rocked England Alex Burghart follows the key deaths, accessions and battles in England’s turbulent year of invasions

33 What the Normans did for us In the a ermath of Hastings, England’s church, art, architecture and society were all transformed, says Marc Morris

38 Game of queens Sarah Gristwood introduces the most powerful women of 16th-century Europe

44 Rise of the robber barons Adam IP Smith looks at the lives and legacies of 19th-century US tycoons

50 The curse of the nine-day queen Nicola Tallis explains why Lady Jane Grey was doomed by her father’s foolishness

58 Death under the black mountain Survivors of the Aberfan disaster recount their memories to Steve Humphries

18 LETTERS 21 MICHAEL WOOD’S VIEW 56 OUR FIRST WORLD WAR 63 BOOKS New history titles reviewed, plus Catherine Merridale discusses Lenin’s fateful1917trainjourneybacktoRussia

77 TV & RADIO The pick of new history programmes

80 OUT &ABOUT 80 History Explorer: Neolithic Britons

85 Five things to do in November 86 My favourite place: Belgian coast

93 MISCELLANY 93 Q&A and quiz 94 Samantha’s recipe corner 95 Prize crossword

98 MY HISTORY HERO JacquelineWilsonchooseswriter CharlotteBrontë

42 SUBSCRIBE Save when you subscribe today

USPS Identification Statement

BBC HISTORY (ISSN 1469-8552)

(USPS 024-177) November 2016 is published 13 times a year under licence from BBC Worldwide by Immediate Media Company Bristol Ltd, Tower House, Fairfax Street, Bristol BS1 3BN, UK. Distributed in the US by Circulation Specialists, Inc., 2 Corporate Drive, Suite 945, Shelton CT 06484-6238. Periodicals postage paid at Shelton, CT and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to BBC HISTORY MAGAZINE, PO Box 37495, Boone, IA 50037-0495.

58 Stories from survivors of the Aberfan tragedy

38 The power women of 16thcentury Europe

G E T T Y/A L A M Y

44 America’s 19th-century ‘robber barons’

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