CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

ANNE APPLEBAUM isajournalistbased inWarsawandLondon

KAREN ARMSTRONG isareligious historian

PAUL BROKS isaclinical neuropsychologist.Hisbook,Intothe Silent Land, willbepublishednextyear

JASON COWLEY istheauthorof UnknownPleasures (Faber)

EMMA DUNCAN ismediaeditorof The Economist. Hersurveyon e-entertainmentispublishedon 7thOctober

ANTHONY DWORKIN isawriterlivingin London

KONSTANTY GEBERT ispublisherof Midrasz andwritesforPoland'sbiggest daily,Gazeta fVyborcza

CHARLES GRANT isthedirectorofthe CentreforEuropeanReformand authorofEUS010, publishedlater thismonth

AC GRAYLING'S biographyofHazlitt willbepublishedinNovember (Weidenfeld&Nicolson)

ROBERT HAZELL isprofessorof governmentandconstitutionatthe SchoolofPublicPolicy,UCL

CAR HILLS isawriterlivinginLondon

RICHARD HOGGART wasthefirst directoroftheCentrefor ContemporaryCulturalStudies, BirminghamUniversity

KATHRYN HUGHES isawriterliving inLondon

RICHARD JENKYNS isprofessorofthe classicaltraditionatOxfordUniversity andfellowofLadyMargaretHall

JOHN KAY isavisitingprofessoratthe LondonSchoolofEconomics

ANATOL LIEVEN isaseniorassociateat theCarnegieEndowment.Hisbook, Chechnya:Tombstoneof RussianPower, is publishedbyYaleUniversityPress

MICHAEL LIND isseniorfellowat theNewAmericaFoundationin WashingtonDC

JOHN LLOYD isafreelancejournalist livinginLondon

TIM PARKS isanovelist.Helecturesin comparativeliteratureandtranslation atIULMUniversity,Milan

MATT RIDLEY isasciencewriter.His mostrecentbook,Genome, was publishedby4thEstate

TOM STANDAGE isscienceand technologycorrespondentatThe Economist. Hisbook,TheNeptune File, willbepublishedbyAllenLane

2 PROSPECT October 2000

contents Issue fifty-six October2000

BIRTHDAY POLL 10 Taking the pulse AC GRAYLING Ontheoccasionofits5thbirthday. Prospect assessesthestate ofmindofthethinkingclasses.

OPINIONS 13 Media madness EMMA DUNCAN Media groups havepoured billions of dollars down the digital drain. 14 Culture wars JASON COWLEY John Drummond, JohnTusa, George Waldenand the culture of complaint. 16 Loose ends ROBERT HAZELL Weneedastronger centre in Whitehall, checkedbyamore independent Westminster.

ESSAY MichaelLindsaystwocheersfornationalism

DEBATE 18 Was communism as bad as Nazism? ANATOL LIEVEN VS ANNE APPLEBAUM Iscomparing Nazism and communism legitimate? Hasthe west been too lenient towards communism?

Time for abit of magic.

ESSAYS 32 Defending Khomeini KAREN ARMSTRONG The Islamic revolution inIran maycometo beseen asone of the great modernising eruptions of the 20th century. 38 Potter in the past RICHARD JENKYNS The successof the Harry Potter stories owessomething to their roots inthe reactionary boarding school genre.

Theethnicallyhomogeneousnation-stateisaliveandwell.Itremainsthelargestfeasiblefocusforbothbelonginganddemocracy.

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SPECIAL REPORT 50 Why Napster matters TOM STANDAGE Napster signifies the return to the internet’soriginal communitarian spirit: against centralisation and the domination bybig business.